Tea Party Express II, Thursday, October 29, 2009, Redding CA, Medford OR, Northern California, Southern Oregon, Huge crowds, CNN coverage

The Tea Party Express II will be in one of my favorite parts of the country today, Northern California and Southern Oregon. Redding, CA and Medford, OR will be the site of Tea Party protests today, October 29, 2009.

Here are some reports from recent Tea Party Express II protests in California and Nevada.

WOW! Huge crowd turns out in Walnut Creek, CA – Breaking News

Hello from Walnut Creek, CA – a community in the East Bay of the San Francisco metropolitan area. So in the sea of liberalism stood an island of patriotic Americans rallying together today united in the effort to advance the tea party movement.”
“There’s also a crucial Congressional Special Election coming up here on November 3rd which features David Harmer (a Republican who strongly opposes government-run healthcare) up against California Lieutenant Governor, John Garamendi (a Democrat who is a big advocate of government-run healthcare and the Obama-Pelosi-Reid agenda of big government, bailouts, higher taxes and out-of-control spending).

Harmer spoke at this evening’s rally to an enthusiastic crowd – perhaps the most enthusiastic crowd we’ve had since the kickoff event in San Diego, CA. Here are a few pictures for you to enjoy – we sure enjoyed the great people of Walnut Creek:”

CNN Reports on the Tea Party Express

CNN’s Jon King interviewed Tea Party Express Vice Chair, Mark Williams, about the “Tea Party Express II: Countdown to Judgment Day.”

A relatively fair interview with CNN’s King asking questions and allowing the Tea Party Express’s Mark Williams to respond. There’s some good stuff in this interview, friends!”

View photos and read more here:
Tea Party Express II kickoff in San Diego, October 25, 2009
 
 
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48 responses to “Tea Party Express II, Thursday, October 29, 2009, Redding CA, Medford OR, Northern California, Southern Oregon, Huge crowds, CNN coverage

  1. Let’s make this a$$Hole look like the idiot he is and show up at these Tea Parties!!

  2. Amen Greg.
    Go get em.

  3. ***** Announcing: Save New Jersey Initiative *****

    Based on the following concept:

    Six degrees of separation

    “Six degrees of separation is the theory that anyone on the planet can be connected to any other person on the planet through a chain of acquaintances that has no more than five intermediaries. ”

    I will put up an article today about BO spending tax payer dollars to save face instead of
    spending time doing important things such as focusing energy on Afghanistan.
    The article is, however, not the point.
    Begin contacting as many as possible.
    Tell them to do the same.
    Objective: Contact as many as possible in NJ.
    Motivate them to get out and vote.
    BO and thugs are trying to steal this election.

    Thanks and God bless.
    Wells

  4. JeffM-you are correct re: Dred Scott and fire.
    Maddie-I was having a heck of a time trying to post last night. Hope you saw all the Vera Baker information and hope it helps, those money stores/payday cash stores started all kinds of grief in Florida, I’m sure some could be used for money laundering operations, somewhat akin to
    “chop shops” car parts-stolen cars, or “pawn shops” laundering stolen property. As soon as they get rid of the crooks, some are legitimate-a whole new crew moves in (think gypsy). Saw more good information re: Tamarac address.

  5. This is great news! I look forward to Tx. visit.
    Has anyone been to the Obama File today? He is covering the accepted vs. filed feature and Hawaii’s refusal to anwser queries on the significance of this.I hope this will prove to be something that can be drug into court.I hope Orly is up on this.

  6. Thursday, October 29, 2009 Email to a Friend ShareThis.Advertisement
    The Rasmussen Reports daily Presidential Tracking Poll for Thursday shows that 29% of the nation’s voters Strongly Approve of the way that Barack Obama is performing his role as President. Forty percent (40%) Strongly Disapprove giving Obama a Presidential Approval Index rating of -11 (see trends).

  7. Greg Goss-so how come 2 million showed up for the first one? Just because he didn’t report doesn’t mean this event did not happen.
    Obama is just the Nixon-first the LIE, and now well in his case perpetually the COVER UP.
    Any combination on one or both drives the American people crazy. Haven’t the politicians figured that out yet??? Out of control spending right up there too.

  8. Revealing info on o’s youth, stuff I have never heard like he stole a car and “Audacity of Hope” was from a Rev Wright sermon. I tried to access the original link and recieved computer error- no surprise.

    http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-bloggers/2373632/posts

  9. Shameful Secrets-As soon as I read this article about this subject I thought about Obama and all of his. Judging by the sheer weight and volume of his Obama must be very sick.
    http://www.theweek.com/article/index/101913/Carrie_Fishers_brutal_honesty
    October 22, 2009
    Comment Print Email Carrie Fisher doesn’t have many secrets, says Amy Larocca in New York. In her 53 years, the actress and screenwriter has faced more than the usual quota of demons—substance abuse, bipolar disorder, and a series of failed relationships, including a marriage in which her husband left her for a man. She chooses to laugh at all of it, like the time she woke up to find a male friend dead in her bed: “Have you ever seen a dead body? They’re really bad conversationalists.” Or her years of alcohol and drug use: “I don’t have a problem with drugs so much as I have a problem with sobriety.” Or her stint in a mental ward: “I was in the hospital with a woman who called her shrink and said, ‘I’m going to commit suicide,’ and he said, ‘You said you would call me first,’ and she said, ‘I did,’ and then she shot herself.” Fisher has turned her mordant humor into a one-woman show on Broadway, but her main motivation for going public, she says, is therapeutic, not commercial. “I’m transparent about all this stuff because it’s out there anyway, and I want my version. The fact that I can make somebody laugh at this stuff—it can be very cathartic. If you claim something, you can own it. But if you have it as a shameful secret, you’re f—ed; you’re sitting in a room populated by elephants. Also, I do believe you’re only as sick as your secrets. If that’s true, I’m just really healthy.”

  10. The AP made a big deal that today Obuma snuck into Dover Airforce base to honor the dead as they where being unloaded from the plane. They said even Bush didn’t do that. They’re right. Bush didn’t have to make such a gesture just because of the criticism he’d been getting over NOT taking action and costing more American lives each day he spends playing golf or attending fund raisers. Bush didn’t go and face dead soldiers in the middle of the night. Instead he comforted live grieving family’s and visited the wounded in the hospital. He went to Iraq on Thanksgiving to celebrate with HIS troops. I wonder where the One will be this Thanksgiving? Working out or playing Golf?

    Obuma will be a one term president. The worse one yet and he will have personally destroyed the democrat party. Just Hope this country can survive his arrogance.

  11. Prairie-I was able to get into Free Republic-I wonder what name was on the criminal report re: stolen car- Grand Larceny Auto Theft, was time served in jail?
    To say this book is a candid snapshot of a man, the most powerful man in the world, is an understatement. I neither endorse, nor condemn, this book but I will say that it gave me a lesser opinion of the man. He is more of a racist than any white person I have ever known. He wears his color on his shoulder and every look, comment, or gesture from a white person is instantly interpreted as having racist overtones. He is yet another black man with a chip on his shoulder that condemns whites throughout the world as forever oppressing people of color. It is a sad commentary from a man who was later able to convince millions of people that he is the answer to their problems
    Page 295: “…I wasn’t ever going to amount to anything…at the age of fifteen, busted for grand larceny auto theft…”
    What bothers me about the Obama I’ve discovered in his book is the revelation that he was a big user of drugs, that he stole a vehicle when he was 15, and that he admits that he views whites as being responsible for the lack of black social, economical, and political progress in the United States. I’m bothered by the fact that so much was made about President Clinton “not inhaling marijuana” but that I never heard anything about Obama’s use of this and even worse drugs when he was campaigning for president. I’m bothered by the fact that media sources have made an obvious and concerted effort to protect the image of Obama by not giving publication to his numerous missteps. I’m bothered that even after learning about his many short-comings, many Americans will choose to ignore these truths and continue to treat Obama as if he is a rock star or the second coming of Christ.

  12. Michelle,
    Were you able to follow the original source? This is where I got blocked- I would bet the auto theft is under Soetoro and also sealed. Wouldn’t this also have needed to be answered in the affirmative on his Bar application as having a criminal record?

  13. WORLD’S GREATEST ANAGRAMS OR PROOF THERE IS A GOD – Read # 35 ,36 & 37

    1- GEORGE BUSH rearranged is HE BUGS GORE
    2- AL GORE is LA (Spanish for “THE”) OGRE( a monster who eats people.)
    3- GEORGE SOROS translates to SOS OGRE GORE
    4- DORMITORY becomes DIRTY ROOM
    5- EVANGELIST is EVIL’S AGENT
    6- PRESBYTERIAN turns to BEST IN PRAYER
    7- DESPERATION is A ROPE ENDS IT
    8- THE MORSE CODE rearranged is HERE COME DOTS
    9- SENATOR TED KENNEDY turns out to DONKEY RAT NEEDS NET
    10- SLOT MACHINES becomes CASH LOST IN ME.
    11- ANIMOSITY turns to IS NO AMITY
    12- MOTHER-IN-LAW (This one is good) WOMAN HITLER
    13- SNOOZE ALARMS becomes ALAS! NO MORE Z”S
    14- A DECIMAL POINT turns to I’M A DOT IN PLACE
    15- NANCY PELOSI is A CO-LENIN SPY
    16- SEN. HARRY REID becomes A DINER SHERRY(yuck)
    17- THE EARTHQUAKES is THAT QUEER SHA KE
    1 8– ELEVEN PLUS TWO becomes T WELVE PLUS ONE
    19- PRINCESS DIANA changes to ENDS IN CAR SPIN
    20- JOHN KERRY becomes HORNY JERK
    21- SEN. JOHN EDWARDS is=2 0WE- DR. DEAN’S “JOHNS”
    22- NANCY PELOSI become s – LIE’N CYAN(blue) POS
    23- SENATOR DURBIN – becomes – SENORA TURDBIN
    24- SENATOR DICK DURBIN- changes to – A SENOR TURDBIN DICK
    25- K ATIE COURIC -changes to – CIAO CUTE IRK
    26- CHRIS MATTHEWS – becomes – SHH -SCREAM TWIT
    27- TIM RUSSERT – changes to MISS TURRET (def-spindle tool )
    28- NATALIE MAINES( Dixie Chick) turns out to – INANIMATE SEAL
    29- VALERIE PLAME – becomes – LIVE EEL PARMA(cheese)
    30- TED TURNER – changes to – TREED RUNT
    31- TERRY McAULIFFE – becomes – A RECTUM FIRE-FLY
    32 – SENATOR TOM HARKIN – changes to – A TIN-HORN MAKES ROT
    33 – DAVID LETTERMAN – becomes – MAD LAVENDER (gay) TIT (boob)
    34 – JOE SCARBORO – changes to – COOR’S BAR JOE
    35 – KEITH OLBERMANN – turns into – A TINKLEN HOMBRE
    36 – KEITH OLBERMANN – chan ges to – ILK BORN METHANE
    37 – KEITH OLBERMANN – becomes – ENEMA BROTH KILN
    38 – MOVEON-ORG – changes to – MOON GROVE
    39 – SENATOR BARRACK OBAMA – becomes old hillbilly saying – “A RACK-O-EARS TAN BOOB-MA ! ”
    40 -BILL SCHNEIDER – changes to – RED’S LIB LICHEN (a fungus)
    41 – COLIN POWELL – becomes – PEW ! ILL COLON
    42 – BERNIE MADOFF – turns into – OFF – BIRD ENEMA.
    43 – SENATOR CARL LEVIN – becomes – A CLAN’S LIE’N VOT ER.
    44 -SANDY BERGER – turns to – GRABS RED YEN
    45 – SENATOR AL FRANKEN – wonderfully becomes – RANK ANAL SOFTENER

    46 – WILLIAM JEFFERSON(“kissit”) CLINTON
    becomes -JAIL MRS CLINTON:FELON WIFE
    47 – PRESIDENT CLINTON OF THE USA
    becomes -TO COPULATE HE FINDS INTERNS

    AND THE GRAND FINAL

    48 – PRESIDENT BARACK OBAMA – becomes – AN ARAB BACKED IMPOSTER

    49-OK Folks – Hear is some Sarah Palin ammunition
    .
    I just did the anagram for “Sarah Palin” and it came up “La Piranhas”


    0A

    NO WONDER THE LIBERALS ARE AFRAID OF HER.
    AND LOOK AT WHAT SHE DID TO THE LAME DUCK

    May she become our Joan Of Arc.

    Send this to 1000 friends or 1000 time to one enemy.

  14. CW-

    Thanks from NJ! I’ve been doing my share of making contact with people.

  15. Prairie-I just just clicked on your link and got right in-So I copied as much as I could do you want me to copy the whole thing. It says he was 15 years old but not what state. This is a felony I know that much, due to a minor would those records be sealed, I wonder which name he used? Everything I ever saw says were you ever convicted for …., they don’t ask if you were ever arrested, I don’t think. But these are a whole new list of questions. I’ll go back and see what I can dredge up.
    He lies so much could he have been older than 15.

  16. I received a letter from the Bd. of Elections a couple of years ago asking me if I would like to work at a polling place. I thought about it, but was afraid I might not be able to keep my mouth shut!

  17. We’ve crossed a very critical juncture in the Obama eligibility cases — very critical in terms of timing. I believe Judge Carter knows this.

    Until now (or very recently, say last week or two) any court taking action vis a vis Obama eligibility would have seriously risked (let’s use the term for want of a better one) “riots in the streets” by some portion of the population, certainly civil unrest by segments of the population. As of now, the reverse is true, were the Carter court NOT to address the Obama eligibility case, the risk of, if not outright “riots in the street”, certainly substantial civil unrest is manifest by OTHER large segments of the population.

    Perhaps this waiting for the day of reckoning was worth the while, noting the cost with each day of delay in terms of destruction of our national economy and defense, but again maybe a necessary cost to reach this point in time where the majority of popular support is in favor of definite court action against Obama.

  18. Patriot Dreamer

    Nancy, please tell your friends and neighbors not to believe the polls. They are designed to manipulate public opinion – not reflect it. Please ask them to get out and vote!

  19. Prairie-I couldn’t get into the original source—that page is down the usual. This is the rest, everything else is page numbers in the book.
    Free Republic
    Who Is Barack Hussein Obama? Obama in his own words
    audacityofhypocrisy ^
    Posted on Thursday, October 29, 2009 9:29:30 AM by big black dog
    This book was written several years (1995) before Obama campaigned for President of the United States. As a result of being the first African-American to be elected president of the Harvard Law Review, Obama received an advance from a publisher to write a book. The book primarily addresses the life of Obama and other people of color in their seemingly constant struggle to overcome what he portrays as control from “whites”. There is substantial profanity and language that might be considered inappropriate and offensive to some people.

  20. I went to the Tea Party in Walnut Creek last night (my town). You have to understand that here in the Bay Area, it’s an Obama den of snakes. I was surprised at how many people were there! Lots of flags waving. There would have been many more people, I think, but the Bay Bridge was shut down (can’t remember that ever happening before!), so we didn’t get the S.F. crowd. Frankly, it had not been advertised much, so again, I was happy about the large crowd, and the horns beeping as cars passed the event. There were great signs (and a few pro Obama nitwits). The “show” was well done, with lots of songs and inspirational speeches. There were local candidates there who said a few words. All-in-all, we were very motivated and excited afterwards (definitely glad that we had gone.)

  21. Patriot Dreamer-

    I agree about polls. Corzine probably bought that, too. It was a Quinnipiac Poll.

  22. Michelle,
    Could there have been an ammendment to a COLB in that year to make him a minor and keep him out of jail. Would this also need to be on college apps and passport apps. I know of a friend who could not get into Canada because of a 20 year old felony on his record.

  23. Patriot Dreamer

    Paulajal, I’m glad you went!

  24. Paulajal-

    I read that a cable broke on the Bay Bridge.

  25. Jack-I agree-The government I think is trying not to lose face, sometimes patience is a virtue. Not one of my strongest points, a life long struggle for me. Part of the long drawn out national nightmare that was good is finding all of this criminal-staggering criminal activity-that we would have never found had the government been straight with the people. Now it isn’t not only Obama, it is several people. For sure DNC, Dean, Pelosi and Reid ACORN the whole corrupt outfit, SEIU, Valerie Jarrett and her corrupt company and that’s just the short list.

  26. Nancy
    http://www.rasmussenreports.com/public_content/politics/elections2/election_2009/new_jersey/election_2009_new_jersey_governor
    Election 2009: New Jersey Governor
    New Jersey Governor: Christie 46%, Corzine 43%
    Tuesday, October 27, 2009 Email to a Friend ShareThis.Advertisement
    With just a week to go in New Jersey’s closely contested race for governor, Republican Chris Christie holds a three-point advantage over incumbent Democratic Governor Jon Corzine.
    The latest Rasmussen Reports telephone survey in New Jersey show Christie with 46% of the vote and Corzine with 43%. While the margin is little changed from a week ago and the week before, the biggest news may be that support for independent candidate Chris Daggett has dropped four points to seven percent (7%). The number of undecided voters is down to four percent (4%).

  27. Prairie- Good Thought
    re: “Could there have been an ammendment to a COLB in that year to make him a minor and keep him out of jail” with the way this group doctors documents anything is possible. They say he was 15 in the book which none of us read, I can barely get through excerpts-could this be the “embarrassing” thing???I think a lot depends on the state where crime was committed and the laws in place at the time. Here in Florida nowadays this crime probably would result in prosecuted as an adult. The laws got stiffer over the years.
    When I was a little kid my cousin 15 boy stole a car maybe he was joy riding I don’t remember, but he was charged with stealing a car. The Judge remanded him to the custody of my father who served under Patton. My father rode my cousin-did’t have to say anything to the other kids they all behave. Those 2 became best buddies. I think jail would have been easier. I felt so sorry for my cousin. Let’s put it this way, he became a very law abiding citizen.

  28. Paulajal -I think the horns honking reveals a lot.

  29. **** New Post ****

    “Nothing ventured, nothing gained.”

  30. Michelle,
    Remember the house in the birth announcement owned by the La Forge family (the professor, can’t spell) was purchased by him in 1958 but he did not live there till 1963. Who lived there in 58? This would possibly explain why the COLB is “filed” and not “Accepted.” Interestingly, it would also make SAD a single mom on welfare (like MO claims). Just a hypothesis- like all of o’s past.

  31. Michelle says ;

    Greg Goss-so how come 2 million showed up for the first one? Just because he didn’t report doesn’t mean this event did not happen.

    I was there for that one, DC Rally from the Ground, truly an inspiring experience. Make the effort to get to one of these, you will enjoy it more than you can imagine.

  32. “Six degrees of separation is the theory that anyone on the planet can be connected to any other person on the planet through a chain of acquaintances that has no more than five intermediaries. ”

    (With today’s technology and internet connections, that may be far better than 6 now, ya think??)

  33. Paulajal.
    I have been to Walnut Creek.

  34. If you can’t beat em join em…. Going Golfing today….:)

  35. The following is a link to the study Princeton Univ. did on the NJ voting machines. The 2nd link is about how the makers of the machines threatened to sue them:

    http://arstechnica.com/software/news/2008/10/study-sequoia-e-voting-machines-disturbingly-easy-to-hack.ars

    http://www.bradblog.com/?p=5814

  36. Prairie-Greg Goss-wait til Maddie sees some of this she might be able to see a little more-you’re correct about the name, but I can’t remember the years, I figure every little tid-bit of information helps fill in another piece to the whole or reveal more criminal activity. I’m going to try to look up application to bar State of Illinois.
    Greg-I have been in demonstrations from time to time, always fun and interesting and diverse. It’s like WE THE PEOPLE v/s the Government and the Press this time.

  37. Something is off, way off on the accepted vs. filed data on Obama’s COLB.

    If you look at the Nordyke twins certificates of live birth in the lower right and left hand boxes it says “date accepted by local reg.” and ” date accepted by reg….” and something follows i can’t make out. The dates accepted are Aug 11,1961. They were born the day after Obama Aug 5, 1961. The mother’s signature is Aug 7, 1961.

    If you read the DOH 11-1-4(d) it states “The date when the department actually receives a document is the date of filing.”

    The signature of attendant on the Nordyke twins is that of an MD on Aug 11, 1961. The MD signs six days after the twins are born.

    Hawaii DOH did not actually receive the Nordyke twin documentation until Aug 11, 1961 after the doctor signed the forms. I assume the hospital sent the documentation to the DOH. They filed and accepted the documentation on Aug 11, 1961.

    Obama’s documents show up on Aug 8 1961, and are still not accepted in 2007 on the factcheck COLB.

    If Obama is born at Kapiolani Maternity & Gynocological Hospital the night before the Nordyke twins how did they get the signature of the attendant md so fast? It took the Nordyke twins 6 days and their documentation shows up on Aug 11, 1961 and on the same day it is filed, it is also accepted.

    O’s documentation shows up on August 8, 1961 during business hours so really only 3 days time after his birth and is filed but not accepted by 2007.

    Something fishy here is going on.

  38. He lies so much could he have been older than 15.

    Not, he lies so much it may have never happened……

  39. *********** New Post **************

  40. A little more on my 1958 or 59 theory. SAD would have concieved o at 14 or 15, the time frame of the provacative photos taken by Frank Marshal Davis. Davis had connections at the university to hook SAD up with a home (La Forge). The Kenya birth may be a distraction thrown out by o every time the debate turns to the year. For example, as Donofrio is making his requests from HI, the Kenyan-born articles are released on the net. An ammendment to the COLB could have been to make him a minor or simply done at the time SAD married Sr. to legitamatize her son. What a mini-series this will make in the end.

  41. Nancy // October 29, 2009 at 10:39 am

    I received a letter from the Bd. of Elections a couple of years ago asking me if I would like to work at a polling place. I thought about it, but was afraid I might not be able to keep my mouth shut!
    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    Me t00..my story…..in 2008, having moved to a really rural area in Kentucky, I called the county court clerk and voiced my worries about illegal Mexicans voting(didn’t know at the time there were only about 10 in this town) and he assured me that I didn’t need to worry, there would be plenty of supervision and oversight at the voting stations.
    Sure…right!!
    So, I go to the little school to vote and there are the 3 clerks, one about 80 and the other two maybe 60’s…..
    I offered my registration card, and asked if they needed my photo I.D. and they said no……
    I questioned this and the elderly gent said, oh, we know every voter coming here to vote.
    And in that rural area, I bet he or the other ladies did…….small, rural communities, you just can’t beat ’em.

  42. Moving beyond, that is, assuming at some point soon — certainly well before the 2012 election — Obama will be ousted as ineligible (either by political pressure once Alan Keyes recovers in tort fraud against BHO or some other direct judicial directive to leave), there seem to be two opinions on determining a successor POTUS. (Biden would certainly be a no-go as connected to the ineligibile Obama fraud.)

    Orly Taitz seems to think there’d be a special election. I’m not so sure. Wouldn’t Congress select a successor under the Constitution? Any discussion on this would seem to be of interest.

  43. Visit Obama File…Judge Carter grants MTD.

  44. Jack,
    Orly Taitz said in her Behar interview
    the successor would be “Hillary Clinton,”
    those were Orly’s words.

  45. Patriot Dreamer

    The House of Representatives could elect a new Speaker, if they wanted to. That would take care of the problem of Nancy Pelosi being “tainted” by the election fraud.

  46. let’s check this first shall we, according to US law it self:
    Dual Nationality

    The concept of dual nationality means that a person is a citizen of two countries at the same time. Each country has its own citizenship laws based on its own policy.Persons may have dual nationality by automatic operation of different laws rather than by choice. For example, a child born in a foreign country to U.S. citizen parents may be both a U.S. citizen and a citizen of the country of birth.

    A U.S. citizen may acquire foreign citizenship by marriage, or a person naturalized as a U.S. citizen may not lose the citizenship of the country of birth.U.S. law does not mention dual nationality or require a person to choose one citizenship or another. Also, a person who is automatically granted another citizenship does not risk losing U.S. citizenship. However, a person who acquires a foreign citizenship by applying for it may lose U.S. citizenship. In order to lose U.S. citizenship, the law requires that the person must apply for the foreign citizenship voluntarily, by free choice, and with the intention to give up U.S. citizenship.

    Intent can be shown by the person’s statements or conduct.The U.S. Government recognizes that dual nationality exists but does not encourage it as a matter of policy because of the problems it may cause. Claims of other countries on dual national U.S. citizens may conflict with U.S. law, and dual nationality may limit U.S. Government efforts to assist citizens abroad. The country where a dual national is located generally has a stronger claim to that person’s allegiance.

    However, dual nationals owe allegiance to both the United States and the foreign country. They are required to obey the laws of both countries. Either country has the right to enforce its laws, particularly if the person later travels there.Most U.S. citizens, including dual nationals, must use a U.S. passport to enter and leave the United States. Dual nationals may also be required by the foreign country to use its passport to enter and leave that country. Use of the foreign passport does not endanger U.S. citizenship.Most countries permit a person to renounce or otherwise lose citizenship.

    Information on losing foreign citizenship can be obtained from the foreign country’s embassy and consulates in the United States. Americans can renounce U.S. citizenship in the proper form at U.S. embassies and consulates abroad.
    and here’s another about US law:
    Advice about Possible Loss of U.S. Citizenship and Dual Nationality

    The Department of State is responsible for determining the citizenship status of a person located outside the United States or in connection with the application for a U.S. passport while in the United States.

    POTENTIALLY EXPATRIATING ACTS

    Section 349 of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1481), as amended, states that U.S. citizens are subject to loss of citizenship if they perform certain specified acts voluntarily and with the intention to relinquish U.S. citizenship. Briefly stated, these acts include:

    1. obtaining naturalization in a foreign state (Sec. 349 (a) (1) INA);
    2. taking an oath, affirmation or other formal declaration to a foreign state or its political subdivisions (Sec. 349 (a) (2) INA);
    3. entering or serving in the armed forces of a foreign state engaged in hostilities against the U.S. or serving as a commissioned or non-commissioned officer in the armed forces of a foreign state (Sec. 349 (a) (3) INA);
    4. accepting employment with a foreign government if (a) one has the nationality of that foreign state or (b) an oath or declaration of allegiance is required in accepting the position (Sec. 349 (a) (4) INA);
    5. formally renouncing U.S. citizenship before a U.S. diplomatic or consular officer outside the United States (sec. 349 (a) (5) INA);
    6. formally renouncing U.S. citizenship within the U.S. (but only under strict, narrow statutory conditions) (Sec. 349 (a) (6) INA);
    7. conviction for an act of treason (Sec. 349 (a) (7) INA).

    ADMINISTRATIVE STANDARD OF EVIDENCE

    As already noted, the actions listed above can cause loss of U.S. citizenship only if performed voluntarily and with the intention of relinquishing U.S. citizenship. The Department has a uniform administrative standard of evidence based on the premise that U.S. citizens intend to retain United States citizenship when they obtain naturalization in a foreign state, subscribe to a declaration of allegiance to a foreign state, serve in the armed forces of a foreign state not engaged in hostilities with the United States, or accept non-policy level employment with a foreign government.

    DISPOSITION OF CASES WHEN ADMINISTRATIVE PREMISE IS APPLICABLE

    In light of the administrative premise discussed above, a person who:

    1. is naturalized in a foreign country;
    2. takes a routine oath of allegiance to a foreign state;
    3. serves in the armed forces of a foreign state not engaged in hostilities with the United States, or
    4. accepts non-policy level employment with a foreign government,

    and in so doing wishes to retain U.S. citizenship need not submit prior to the commission of a potentially expatriating act a statement or evidence of his or her intent to retain U.S. citizenship since such an intent will be presumed.

    When, as the result of an individual’s inquiry or an individual’s application for registration or a passport it comes to the attention of a U.S. consular officer that a U.S. citizen has performed an act made potentially expatriating by Sections 349(a)(1), 349(a)(2), 349(a)(3) or 349(a)(4) as described above, the consular officer will simply ask the applicant if there was intent to relinquish U.S. citizenship when performing the act. If the answer is no, the consular officer will certify that it was not the person’s intent to relinquish U.S. citizenship and, consequently, find that the person has retained U.S. citizenship.

    PERSONS WHO WISH TO RELINQUISH U.S. CITIZENSHIP

    If the answer to the question regarding intent to relinquish citizenship is yes , the person concerned will be asked to complete a questionnaire to ascertain his or her intent toward U.S. citizenship. When the questionnaire is completed and the voluntary relinquishment statement is signed by the expatriate, the consular officer will proceed to prepare a certificate of loss of nationality. The certificate will be forwarded to the Department of State for consideration and, if appropriate, approval.

    An individual who has performed any of the acts made potentially expatriating by statute who wishes to lose U.S. citizenship may do so by affirming in writing to a U.S. consular officer that the act was performed with an intent to relinquish U.S. citizenship. Of course, a person always has the option of seeking to formally renounce U.S. citizenship abroad in accordance with Section 349 (a) (5) INA.

    DISPOSITION OF CASES WHEN ADMINISTRATIVE PREMISE IS INAPPLICABLE

    The premise that a person intends to retain U.S. citizenship is not applicable when the individual:

    1. formally renounces U.S. citizenship before a consular officer;
    2. serves in the armed forces of a foreign state engaged in hostilities with the United States;
    3. takes a policy level position in a foreign state;
    4. is convicted of treason; or
    5. performs an act made potentially expatriating by statute accompanied by conduct which is so inconsistent with retention of U.S. citizenship that it compels a conclusion that the individual intended to relinquish U.S. citizenship. (Such cases are very rare.)

    Cases in categories 2, 3, 4 and 5 will be developed carefully by U.S. consular officers to ascertain the individual’s intent toward U.S. citizenship.

    APPLICABILITY OF ADMINISTRATIVE PREMISE TO PAST CASES

    The premise established by the administrative standard of evidence is applicable to cases adjudicated previously. Persons who previously lost U.S. citizenship may wish to have their cases reconsidered in light of this policy.

    A person may initiate such a reconsideration by submitting a request to the nearest U.S. consular office or by writing directly to:

    Express Mail:
    Director
    Office of Policy Review and Inter-Agency Liaison (CA/OCS/PRI)
    Overseas Citizens Services
    Bureau of Consular Affairs
    U.S. Department of State
    4th Floor
    2100 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W.
    Washington, D.C. 20037
    Phone: 202-736-9110
    Fax: 202-736-9111
    Email: ASKPRI@state.gov

    Regular Mail
    Director
    Office of Policy Review and Inter-Agency Liaison (CA/OCS/PRI)
    Overseas Citizens Services
    Bureau of Consular Affairs
    U.S. Department of State
    SA-29, 4th Floor
    Washington, D.C. 20520

    Each case will be reviewed on its own merits taking into consideration, for example, statements made by the person at the time of the potentially expatriating act.

    LOSS OF NATIONALITY AND TAXATION

    P.L. 104-191 contains changes in the taxation of U.S. citizens who renounce or otherwise lose U.S. citizenship. In general, any person who lost U.S. citizenship within 10 years immediately preceding the close of the taxable year, whose principle purpose in losing citizenship was to avoid taxation, will be subject to continued taxation.

    See …

    * Internal Revenue Service Instructions for Completion of Form 8854
    * Internal Revenue Service Guidance on Expatriation Reporting Requirements
    * Internal Revenue Service Expatriation Tax

    Copies of approved Certificates of Loss of Nationality are provided by the Department of State to the Internal Revenue Service pursuant to P.L. 104-191. Questions regarding United States taxation consequences upon loss of U.S. nationality should be addressed to the U.S. Internal Revenue Service.

    DUAL NATIONALITY

    Dual nationality can occur as the result of a variety of circumstances. The automatic acquisition or retention of a foreign nationality, acquired, for example, by birth in a foreign country or through an alien parent, does not affect U.S. citizenship. It is prudent, however, to check with authorities of the other country to see if dual nationality is permissible under local law. Dual nationality can also occur when a person is naturalized in a foreign state without intending to relinquish U.S. nationality and is thereafter found not to have lost U.S. citizenship: the individual consequently may possess dual nationality. While recognizing the existence of dual nationality and permitting Americans to have other nationalities, the U.S. Government also recognizes the problems which it may cause. Claims of other countries upon dual-national U.S. citizens often place them in situations where their obligations to one country are in conflict with the laws of the other. In addition, their dual nationality may hamper efforts to provide U.S. diplomatic and consular protection to them when they are abroad.

    ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

    See also information flyers on related subject available via the Department of State, Bureau of Consular Affairs home page on the internet at http://travel.state.gov. These flyers include:

    * Dual Nationality
    * Advice About Possible Loss of U.S. Citizenship and Seeking Public Office in a Foreign State
    * Advice About Possible Loss of U.S. Citizenship and Foreign Military Service
    * Renunciation of United States Citizenship
    * Renunciation of U.S. Citizenship by Persons Claiming a Right of Residence in the United States

  47. Indonesian Civil Code Indonesian Civil Code (Promulgated by publication of April 39 1847 S.NO.23) BOOK ONE – INDIVIDUAL Contents Chapter I – Concerning the enjoyment and the loss of civil rights Chapter II – Concerning assets and the distinctions between them Chapter III – Concerning residence or domicile Chapter IV – Concerning matrimony Chapter V – Concerning the rights and obligation of the spouses Chapter VI – Concerning legal community property and management there of Chapter VII – Concerning prenuptial agreements Chapter VIII – Concerning community property or prenuptial agreements in the event of second or further marriages Chapter IX – Concerning the division of assets Chapter X – Concerning the dissolution of marriage Chapter XI – Concerning separation from bed and board Chapter XII – Concerning fatherhood and the descent of children Chapter XIII – Concerning the relationship by blood and marriage Chapter XIV – Concerning parental authority Chapter XIV A – Concerning the stipulation, amendment and revocation of support payments Chapter XV – Concerning minority and guardianship Chapter XVI – Concerning emancipation Chapter XVII – Concerning conservatorship Chapter XVIII – Concerning absence Chapter I Concerning the enjoyment and the loss of civil rights Extraordinary Regulations This compilation contains several ordinances set out in chronological order which contain provisions necessitated by the extraordinary circumstances which provisions deviate in part from existing legal regulations inter alia the Civil Code and the Civil Registry. In the Dutch Civil Code pursuant to the law of July 10, 1947, N.S. No. H 232 see also 1948 No. I 343 the provisions pertaining to children’s law are amended, with the result that the Dutch articles referred to in the margin are no longer consistent in most cases with the text printed next to them. Where the new Dutch text deviates substantially from an article of the Dutch Civil Code, such article will be referred to as Old Article in the margin. Pursuant to the ordinance in S31-168 see also 423 pertaining to the distribution of assignments between the European and Indonesian Government in the government area of Java and Madura, regarding the area referred to in the Civil Code, unless otherwise provided, the words “assistant resident” and “resort of the assistant resident” shall be read as “head of the local government” and “department”. Article 1. The enjoyment of civil rights is independent from the state’s rights. (Civ. 7) Page 1 Indonesian Civil Code Article 2. The circumstances in each case shall determine when a child shall be deemed to be born. In the event that a child is stillborn, it shall be deemed to have never existed. (Civ. 725, 906; G.16; Bw.348, 489, 758, 836, 899, 1679) Article 3. No punishment shall result in a civil death or the loss of all civil rights. (G.167; ISR.144; Civ.22v.) Chapter II Concerning the deeds of the civil registry Section 1 Concerning the registers of the civil registry in general Article 4. (Amended by S.16-38 see also 17-18;07-205 art.3 see also 19-816; 37-595) Without prejudice to the stipulations of article 10 of the general regulations of legal provisions for Indonesia, throughout Indonesia there are for Europeans, registers of, births, notifications marriages, consent to marriages, of marriages and divorces, and notification of deaths. (Bw.5; BS.1) The officials to whom the keeping of the registers is assigned, shall be referred to as “officials of the civil registry”. Article 5. After having heard the Supreme Court, pursuant to a separate regulation, based upon the Dutch legal requirements pertaining to the Civil Registry, the Governor General shall stipulate the locations, the individuals, the manner in which registers are kept, the assortment of deeds, and which format should be taken into consideration. This regulation shall also set forth the punishments consequent upon violations by the officials of the civil registry, only to the extent that it has or has not been provided for in the legal provisions of the Penal Code. (Sw. 436,556v; see regulations BS. Europeans, Chinese, Indonesians and Christian Indonesians) Section 2 Concerning names and changes of first and last names Article 5a. (Supplemented by S.37-595) Legitimate and illegitimate children acknowledged by the father shall carry the family name of the father; illegitimate children not acknowledged by the father shall carry the family name of the mother. (Bw. 250v., 255, 256v., 261, 272v., 280, 283v., 306; BS.41) Article 6. An individual shall not change his family name, or add another name, without approval from the Governor General. (BS.28, 40; S.1824-13 art.2; 1837-11; 67-168 par. V; 17-12, pg.384; Bb.977 see also 10486, 1246, 2105, 3995, 4134, 5102, 6724, 12482, 13421) (Supplemented by S.37-595)An individual, whose family or first names are not known, may take a last or first name with the approval of the Governor General. Article 7. (Amended by S.37-595 and 41-370) Applications for such approval may not be admitted earlier than four months after the date of publication of same in the official newspaper. (S.83-192 art.3; Bb.7962 see also 13421) Article 8. (Amended by S.83-190) During the period of four months referred to in Article 7, the interested parties may oppose an application for approval by filing an application with the Governor General therein stating the reasons for such opposition. (S.83-192 art.3) Article 9. (Amended by S. 37-595) The decision, whereby approval referred to in the first paragraph of article 6 is granted shall be submitted to the official of the civil registry at the place of birth of the applicant. The said official shall record the decision in the current registers and make a note thereof in the margin of the birth certificate. (BS. 26) (Supplemented by S.37-595) The decision whereby approval referred to in the second paragraph of article 6 is granted shall be recorded in the current registers of births in the place of domicile of the relevant party, and in the event referred to in article 43 of the regulation concerning the keeping of registers of the Civil Registry for Europeans, shall also be recorded in the margin of the birth certificate. (Supplemented by S.37-595) In the event that approval Page 2 Indonesian Civil Code is denied, as mentioned in the previous paragraph, the Governor General may provide the interested party with a *8 last or first name. This decision shall be treated in accordance with the previous paragraph. Article 10. (Amended by S.37-595) The acquisition of a name in accordance with the provisions of the four aforementioned articles shall never be submitted as evidence of kinship. (Bw. 262; S.83-192 art.3) Article 11. An individual may not change his first name or add to his first name, without approval of the court at his place of domicile, done at his request, after having heard the prosecution counsel. (BS. 40) Article 12. If the court admits the change or addition of first names, then the decision shall be submitted to the official of the Civil Registry at the birth place of the applicant. The said official shall record the decision in the current registers, and shall make note thereof in the margin of the birth certificate. (BS.26) Section 3 Concerning the correction of the deeds at the civil registry, and of the supplements thereto (S.1836-16) Article 13. If no registers exist, or if they have been lost, falsified, amended, torn, eliminated, obscured or damaged if deeds are missing, or if deviations, omissions or other errors have taken place in the recorded deeds, then these shall provide grounds for the supplementation or modification of the registers. (BS.26v., 36; Bw.14, 101; Civ.99; S.1854-40 see BS.67; Bb.214) Article 14. The request therefor shall only be submitted to the court of justice, within whose legal jurisdiction the registers are located or would have been kept. After having heard the prosecution counsel, provided that the interested parties have grounds for such request and provided that there is no further appeal, the court of justice shall issue a decision. (Rv. 844v.; Civ. 99) Article 15. This decision shall only be effective between the parties, who have appealed for such, or who have been summoned for this event. (Bw. 1917; Civ. 100) Article 16. All decisions for the modification or supplementation of deeds which are legally enforceable, shall immediately after submission, be recorded by the official of the Civil Registry in the current registers, and shall in the event of modification, be recorded in the margin of the corrected deed, in accordance with the legal regulations concerning the keeping of the registers of the Civil Registry. (BS.26; Rv.166; Civ.101) Chapter III Concerning residence or domicile Article 17. An individual shall be deemed to have his residence where he has established his principal abode. (Civ. 102) In the absence of such residence, the actual location of his abode shall be considered as such. (Rv. 6-7, 99; Pr.59, 69-8) Article 18. An individual’s change of residence shall take place by moving the actual residence to another location, and by expressing his intent to establish his principal abode there. (Bw. 19, 53v.; Civ.103; Bb.960) Article 19. Such intent shall be proven by a statement submitted to the head of the government (assistant resident) at the location from which the individual departs, as well as at the location to which the residence is moved . (Bb.379; Sw.515; S.19-573 see also 31-373, 423) In the absence of such statement, proof of intent shall be deduced from the circumstances. (Civ.104v.) Article 20. Individuals summoned for public service, shall be deemed to have their residence where they carry out such service. (RO.21; Rv.99; Civ.106) Page 3 Indonesian Civil Code Article 21. (Amended by S.27-31 see also 390, 421) A married woman, who is not separated from bed and board, shall not have any residence other than that of her husband; minors shall follow the residence of their parents who exercise their parental authority, or that of their guardians; adults, who are under guardianship, shall follow the residence of their guardians. (Bw.106, 207, 211, 242, 298, 301, 383, 452; Civ. 108) Article 22. (Amended by S.26-335 see also 458, 565 and 27-108) Laborers, shall, pursuant to what is stipulated in the previous article, have their residence in their employers’ residence if they reside with them. (Bw.17-2, 1601a v; Civ. 109) Article 23. The funeral parlor in which a deceased person is laid shall be considered to be at the same location as the place of residence of that deceased person. (Bw. 1023; Rv.7, 99; Civ. 110; Weesk.47) Article 24. Parties shall be entitled, or one of the parties shall be entitled, pursuant to a deed, and due to specific circumstances to choose a residence other than their actual one. *12 The choice may be general, and shall extend even to the execution or shall be limited in a manner as approved by the parties or one of them. In such event, the writs, summons and warrants, expressed or implied in the deed, shall be served at the selected place of residence and in the presence of the judge of such location. (Bw.1186, 1194, 1393, 1405, 1412; Rv.8, 13, 85, 99, 106v., 411, 443, 461, 477, 504, 533, 550, 561, 594, 597, 601, 606, 655, 662, 666, 729, 816, 860 etc.; Civ. 111) Article 25. If no agreement to the contrary has been made, an individual may change his selected residence, provided that the new residence is not located further than ten poles from the previous location, and that the counter party shall be notified of the change. Chapter IV Concerning matrimony General provisions Aarticle 26. The law shall only recognize a marriage in a civil relationship. (Bw.81) Section 1 Concerning the qualifications and conditions required to enter into a marriage See Transitory Regulations relevant to the application of the civil children’s law S.27-31 see also 390, 421 prior to Civil Code. Article 27. At any one time a man may only be bound to one woman, and a woman bound to one man in a marriage. (Bw. 60-4, 62, 63-2, 65, 70-4, 83, 86, 93, 95v., 493v.; Sw.279v.; Civ. 147) Article 28. To enter into a marriage, the voluntary consent of the prospective spouses shall be required. (Bw. 61-3, 4, 62, 63-2, 65, 83, 87v., 95v., 901; Civ.146) Article 29. A man may not enter into marriage until he has reached the age of eighteen years and a woman may not enter into marriage until she has reached the age of fifteen years. The Governor General may, however, for significant reasons, remove this prohibition by granting a dispensation. (Gw.71; ISR.43; Bw.61-4, 62, 63-2, 65, 83, 89; BS. 55, 61; Bb.13416; Civ.144v.; W. and B.II-283) Article 30. Marriage shall be prohibited between individuals who are related lineally, either by legal or illegal birth or due to marriage; and between brother and sister, legal or illegal. (Bw. 61-4, 62, 63-2, 65, 83, 90, 93, 95v., 98, 290, 295, 297; Civ. 161v.) Article 31. Marriage shall also be prohibited as follows: Page 4 Indonesian Civil Code 1. (Amended by S.41-370) between brother-in-law and sister-in-law, legal or illegal, unless the spouse by virtue of whom these persons became related as brother-in-law and sister-in-law, is deceased or, because of his absence the surviving spouse has been issued approval by a judge to enter into another marriage; 2. between uncle or great-uncle and niece or great-niece, also between aunt or great-aunt and nephew or great-nephew, legal or illegal. (Bb3122) The Governor General may, for significant reasons, remove the prohibition set forth in this article by granting dispensation (Gw.71; ISR.43; Bw.29, 61-4, 62, 63-2, 65, 83, 90, 93, 95v., 98, 295, 297; Civ. 162-164; Bb.3122, 13416, *16 13603) Article 32. An individual who has been convicted by legal judgment of adultery, may never enter into matrimony with the accomplice in such adultery. (Bw. 61-4, 62, 63-2, 65, 83, 90, 93, 95v., 98, 209; Civ. 298) Article 33. (Amended by S.23-31) Individuals whose marriage has been dissolved in accordance with that which is stipulated in article 199, 3 or 4, shall not enter into matrimony for the second time until one year has elapsed after the date on which the dissolution of their previous marriage is recorded in the registers of the Civil Registry. A further marriage between the same individuals is prohibited. (Bw.61-4, 62, 63-2, 65, 83, 90, 93, 199, 207v., 232a, 268, 493; Civ.295) Article 34. A woman may not enter into a new marriage earlier than three hundred days following the dissolution of the previous marriage. (Bw. 61-4, 62, 63-2, 64v., 71-4, 83, 99, 252, 494v.; Civ. 228, 296) Article 35. (Amended by S. 27-31 see also 390, 421) Approval of the parents is required for a marriage between minor legitimate children. If only one of the parents has granted his or her approval and the other parent has been deprived of his or her parental authority or guardianship over the child, then the court of justice, within whose jurisdiction the child’s residence is located, shall be authorized, at his or her request, to extend approval for the marriage after having heard, or following proper summons of those whose approval is required including next-of-kin or relatives by marriage. In the event that one of the parents is deceased or is incapable of expressing his intent, then only the approval of the other parent shall be required. (Bw.37, 40v., 49, 61-1, 71-2, 5, 83, 91, 151, 299v., 330, 424, 458, 901; BS.61-4; Civ.850) Article 36. (Amended by S.27-31 see also 390, 421) In addition to the approval required in accordance with Article 35 above, where minor legitimate children are under the guardianship of someone other than their father or mother, approval of such guardian shall be required or if the marriage is to be entered into with the guardian or one of the guardian’s blood relatives in a direct line, approval from a supervisory guardian shall be required. If the guardian or supervisory guardian or the father or mother whose parental or guardianship rights have been removed refuse to grant their approval or fail to express their wishes, then the second paragraph of the aforementioned article shall apply, unless the parents, to the extent that their parental or guardianship rights have not been removed, have granted their approval. (Bw. 42, 49, 62, 71-2, 5, 83v., 91, 151, 424, 901; BS.61-4; Civ.150) Article 37. (Amended by S.27-31 see also 390, 421). If the *17 father and the mother are both deceased or are incapable of expressing their intent, then each of them shall be replaced by their parents, to the extent that they are still alive and are not similarly incapable. If somebody other than the aforementioned individuals holds guardianship, then the minors, in the circumstances mentioned in the previous paragraph, shall still require the approval of the guardian or supervising guardian in accordance with the distinction made in the previous article. The second paragraph of article 35 shall apply, if, those persons, whose approval is required pursuant to the first or second paragraph of this article, differ in opinion or if one or more do not express their opinion. (Bw. 49, 62, 71-2, 5, 83v., 91, 151, 424, 497, 901; BS 61-4; Civ. 150) Article 38. (Amended by S.27-31 see also 390, 421) If the father, mother, grandfather and grandmother are absent, or if they are incapable of expressing their wishes, then the legitimate children, to the extent that they are still minors, may not enter into matrimony, without the approval of Page 5 Indonesian Civil Code their guardian and their supervising guardian. In the event that the guardian and the supervising guardian or either one of them refuses to grant approval or declare themselves, then at the request of the minors, the court of justice, within whose jurisdiction the residence of the minors is located, shall be authorized to grant permission for the marriage, after having heard or after having properly summoned the guardian, the supervising guardian, the blood relatives and the relatives by marriage. (Bw. 39, 49, 61-2, 63. etc.; Civ. 160; Sw.524) Article 39. (Amended by S.27-31 see also 390, 421) Legally acknowledged illegitimate children, shall not, while they are still minors, enter into marriage without the approval of the father and mother, by whom they have been acknowledged, to the extent that both or one of them are still alive and are capable of expressing their wishes. If, during the life of the father or the mother, by whom they have been acknowledged, somebody other than the father or mother assumes a role as their guardian, then they shall require the approval of the guardian, or in the event that it concerns a marriage to him or one of his blood relatives in the direct line, then the approval of the supervising guardian shall be required. In the event of a difference of opinion between those whose approval is required pursuant to the first and second paragraphs, and one or more refuse to grant such approval, or one or more do not declare themselves, then the court of justice, within whose jurisdiction the residence of the minors is located, shall be authorized, at the request of the minor, to grant permission to enter into the marriage, after having heard or having properly summoned those whose approval is required. In the event that the father as well as the mother, by whom the minor is acknowledged, are either deceased, or incapable of expressing their wishes, then the approval of the guardian and the supervising guardian shall be required. *18 If one or both refuse to grant approval, or do not declare themselves, then the second paragraph of article 38 shall apply, with the exception of whatever has been stipulated regarding blood relatives or relatives by marriage. Article 40. (Amended by S.27-31 see also 390, 421) Illegitimate children who are not acknowledged while still minors, shall not enter into marriage without the approval of their guardian or supervising guardian. If one or both refuse to grant approval or do not express their wishes, then at the request of the minor, the court of justice, within whose jurisdiction the residence of the minors is located shall grant approval thereof, after having heard or having properly summoned the guardian and supervising guardian. (Sw. 524) Article 41. (Amended by S.27-31 see also 390, 421) The judgments of the court of justice in the circumstances mentioned in the previous six articles, shall be passed without any form of legal procedure. The judgments shall not, regardless of whether approval is granted or refused, be subject to further appeal. (Amended by S.27-456) The hearings of those whose approval is required, as mentioned in the previous six articles, shall, if the persons being heard are located or reside outside the area in which the court of justice is established, be assigned to the residential judge and head of the local government (the assistant resident)of their location or residence. Such residential judge and head of local government (the assistant resident) shall designate the official who shall provide the minutes to the court of justice. The summoning of those whose approval is required, shall take place in the manner stipulated in article 333 in respect of blood relatives and relatives by marriage. They may also be represented in the manner stipulated in article 334. Article 42. (Amended by S.27-31 see also 390, 421) Legitimate children who are no longer minors, but have not reached the age of thirty years must also seek the approval of their parents in order to enter into matrimony. In the event that they are unable to obtain such approval, they may appeal to the court of justice at their place of domicile, for it’s intervention, having regard to the provisions of the following articles. (Civ. 151v.) Article 43. (Amended by S.27-31 see also 390, 421) Within a period of three weeks or such other period that the court of justice shall deem appropriate, effective from the date on which the letter of request is filed, the court shall summon the father, mother and child, to inform them in private of that which it deems to be honorable and in their mutual interest. Minutes shall be drafted and shall include details of appearances by the parties but shall exclude details of the arguments submitted by the various parties. (Civ. 154v.) Page 6 Indonesian Civil Code Article 44. (Amended by S.27-31 see also 390, 421) In the event that neither the father nor the mother makes an *19 appearance, the marriage shall proceed on the basis of the presentation of the deed which details the non-appearance. Article 45. If the child fails to appear, the marriage cannot proceed without a renewed request for intervention. (Bw. 47, 48) Article 46. (Amended by S.27-31 see also 390, 421) If the child and either one or both of the parents appear which parent or parents refuse to grant approval, then the marriage shall not be concluded earlier than three full months after the date of appearance. Article 47. (Amended by S.27-31 see also 390, 421) The provisions of the last five articles are also applicable to illegitimate children and to the father and mother by whom they have been acknowledged. Article 48. (Amended by S.28-546) If either one or both parents are not located in Indonesia, then the Governor General may grant dispensation from the requirements stipulated in articles 42 through article 47 . (Bb. 480, 1033, 13416, 13603) Article 49. (Amended by S.27-31 see also390, 421) For the purposes of articles 35, 37, 38 and 39, continuous or temporary absence from Indonesia shall not constitute incapability of the parents or grandparents to grant approval to minors to enter into marriage, . (S.27-31 overg.1*) Section 2 Concerning the formalities which precede a marriage (BB. 1231, 1232) Article 50. All individuals, who intend to enter into matrimony with one another, shall notify the official of the Civil Registry at the place of domicile of one of the parties. (Bw.17; BS.54v.) Article 51. Individuals shall either notify in person or provide documentation in which the intent of the prospective spouses is set out with sufficient certainty, on the basis of which a deed shall be drafted by an official of the Civil Registry. (BS. 54v.) Article 52. (Amended by S.16-338 see also 17-18) Prior to the solemnization of a marriage, the official of the civil registry shall announce such event by means of affixing a notification drafted by the official, to the main entrance of the building where the registers of the civil registry are kept. The announcement shall be affixed for a period of ten days. The announcement shall not appear on a Sunday; New Year’s day, the Christian second Easter and Pentecostal days, first and second Christmas days, Ascension day and the birthday of the King shall be regarded as having the status as Sundays. (Amended S.37-595) This document shall contain the following: 1. the names, first names, age, profession and the residence of the prospective spouses, and if they have been married previously, the names of their former spouses; 2. the date, location, and time on which the announcement appears (Bw.53, 61-6, 63-2, 75, 82v., 99; BS.54v.; Civ.63) (Supplemented S.27-595) The document shall be signed by the official of the Civil Registry. Article 53. (Amended by S.16-338 see also 17-18) In the event that the prospective spouses are not domiciled within the same civil registry area, then the announcement shall be arranged by the respective officials of the civil registry within whose area the respective parties are domiciled. (Bw. 17,76,83; BS.56v; Civ.166) Article 54. (Amended by S.16-338 see also 17-18) If the prospective spouses have not resided for a full six month period in one area of an official of the civil registry, the aforementioned announcement shall be arranged by the official of the civil registry within whose area they were domiciled most recently. (Civ. 167) *21 (Amended by S.37-572; 39-288) In the Government area of Java and Madura, dispensation from this requirement may be granted by the Head of the Regional Government within Page 7 Indonesian Civil Code whose area the marriage notification has been given based upon significant reasons put forth by the resident and others. (BS. 56v.; Bb.1020, 13416, 13603) Article 55, 56. Revoked: S.16-338 see also 17-18. Article 57. (Amended by S.16-338 see also 17-18) If the marriage does not take place within one year after the marriage notification, a new notification must be given prior to the marriage taking place. (Bw.75; Civ.65) Article 58. (Amended by S.16-338 see also 17-18) Marriage promises shall not form grounds for a lawsuit for solemnization of a marriage, nor for compensation in the form of costs, damages and interest, due to non-fulfillment of the promises; all claims for compensation in these cases shall be deemed void. If, however, the notification of a marriage by an official of the Civil Registry is followed by an announcement, this may form grounds for claiming compensation in the form of costs, damages and interest, based upon actual material losses, which one party due to the refusal of the other, may have sustained, provided however that no anticipated profits may be claimed. No such claim shall be made after the expiration of eighteen months from the date of the marriage announcement. (AB.23; Bw.154, 1243v., 1305, 1320, 1335, 1337) Section 3 Concerning the obstruction of a marrage Article 59. The right to obstruct the execution of a marriage, shall only be enjoyed by the individuals and in the circumstances specified in the following articles. (Rv. 816v.) Article 60. An individual who is bound in marriage to one of the parties intending to enter into marriage, and children of that marriage, shall be authorized to prevent the new marriage from taking place on the basis of the existing marriage. (Bw.27, 61-4, 62v., 68, 86; Civ. 172) Article 61. (Amended by S.16-338 see also 17-18; 17-497; 27-31 see also 390, 421) The father or the mother of a party to an intended marriage may prevent the marriage from taking place in the following events: 1. if their child, who is still a minor, has not obtained the required approval; 2. if their adult child, who has not yet reached the age of thirty years, has failed to obtain their approval and where such approval has been refused, has failed to seek the intervention of the court of justice, which is required pursuant to article 42; 3. if one of the parties due to mental incapacity has been put under guardianship, or has sought approval from the guardian who has not yet decided whether or not to grant such approval; (Bw.434) 4. if one of the parties cannot comply with the requirements to enter into a marriage in accordance with the provisions of the First Section of this Title; (Bw. 27v., 60, 62v.) 5. if the required marriage announcement has not taken place; (Bw. 52v.) 6. if one of the parties due to wasteful behavior has been put under guardianship, and the intended marriage could be damaging to their child. (Bw. 434; Civ.173) In situations where someone other than a father or mother exercises parental authority over a child, such person, being the guardian, or his replacement, being the supervising guardian, shall be deemed to have the same authority in the events specified in numbers 1, 3, 4, 5 and 6 of this article. Article 62. (Amended by S.17-497; 27-31 see also 390, 421) In the absence of both parents, the grandparents and the guardian or his replacement, being the supervising *23 guardian, shall be authorized to obstruct the marriage in the events stipulated in numbers 3,4,5 and 6 of the previous article. The grandparents, the guardian and the supervising guardian are, in the instance stipulated in number 1, authorized to obstruct the marriage, if their approval is required. (Civ.173) Article 63. (Amended by S.17-497; 27-31 see also 390, 421) In the absence of grandparents, the brothers, sisters, uncles and aunts, including the guardian, supervising guardian, conservator and supervising conservator may obstruct an intended marriage as follows: 1. if the requirements of articles 38 and 40 regarding obtaining approval for a marriage have not been complied with; 2. for the reasons specified in numbers 3,4,5 and 6 of article 61. (Bw. 58; Civ.174v.) Page 8 Indonesian Civil Code Article 64. A husband, whose marriage has been dissolved due to divorce, may obstruct the marriage of his former spouse, in the event that she intends to enter into a new marriage prior to the expiration of three hundred days following the aforementioned dissolution. (Bw. 34, 60, 61-4, 62, 63-2, 65) Article 65. The prosecution counsel is required to obstruct an intended marriage in the events set out in article 27 through article 34. (RO.55; Bw.94; Rv.323) Article 66. The obstruction of the marriage shall be noted by the court of justice, whose jurisdiction covers the Civil Registry of the official who is to execution the marriage. (Rv.817; Civ.177) Article 67. The deed of obstruction shall stipulate all reasons on which the obstruction is based and no reasons shall be given other than those that existed prior to the obstruction. (BS.59; Rv.816; Civ.176) Article 68. Revoked; S.37-595, effective as of January 1, 1939. Article 69. In the event that the application for obstruction is rejected, those seeking obstruction not being blood relatives in a direct line upwards or downwards or the prosecution counsel may be found liable for costs, damages and interest. (Bw. 62v.; Rv.58; Civ.179) Article 70. In the event that the marriage is obstructed, the official of the Civil Registry shall not execute the marriage unless a legal judgment or authentic deed, whereby the obstruction is rendered legally void, has been submitted to him Violation of this provision shall render the guilty party liable for compensation in the form of costs, damages and interest. In the event that the marriage is entered into prior to such obstruction being canceled, the lawsuit regarding that obstruction may be continued, and the marriage shall be rendered legally invalid in the event that the claim is *24 awarded to the opposing party. (Bw. 71-6, 82; BS.59; Civ.68) Section 4 Concerning the execution of a marriage Article 71. Prior to executing a marriage, the following documents shall be submitted to the official of the civil registry: 1. the birth certificate of each of the prospective spouses; (Bw.29, 35v.; Civ.70; Chin.16) 2. (Amended by S.16-338 see also 17-18; 27-31 see also 390, 421) a deed, drafted by the official of the Civil Registry and entered in the register or another authentic deed, containing the approval of the father, mother, grandfather or grandmother, the guardian or supervising guardian, as well as the approval granted by the judge in the instances in which such is required; (Bw.35v., 42v., 452; Civ.73)the approval may also be granted in the marriage deed; 3. the deed stipulating the intervention of the court of justice , in the instances so required; (Bw. 38v. 41v.) 4. in the event of a second or subsequent marriage, the death certificate of the previous spouse, or the divorce deed, or copy of the judge’s permission, granted in the absence of the second spouse; (Bw. 27, 32, 44, 493; Chin. 16) 5. the death certificate of those whose approval is required for the marriage; (bw.71-2; Chin.16) 6. (Amended by S.16-338 see also 17-18) proof that the marriage announcement has taken place without any obstruction at the location and in accordance with the provisions set out in article 52 and the following articles of this title, or proof that the obstruction has been rendered legally void; (Bw.70; BS.59; Civ.69;Bb.5296, 743) 7. the dispensation granted; (Bw.29, 31, 48, 54, 56) 8. the approval, required, for officers and military personnel of lower rank for a marriage. Article 72. If a prospective spouse is unable to present his or her birth certificate in accordance with the first paragraph of the previous article, such deed shall be replaced by a deed of acknowledgment witnessed by two individuals being male or female regardless of whether or not they are blood relatives of the said prospective spouse, such deed being submitted by the head of the local government at his or her place of birth or residence. This statement shall specify the place of birth and as accurately as possible the date of birth as well as the reasons preventing the submission of a birth certificate. *26 The absence of a birth certificate may also be remedied, by a similar statement under oath, provided by the witnesses, who should be present at the execution of the marriage, or a Page 9 Indonesian Civil Code statement under oath submitted to the official of the Civil Registry, by the prospective spouse, stipulating that he or she cannot provide a birth certificate or deed of acknowledgment. The marriage certificate shall refer to these statements. (Bw.13, 76v.; BS.27, 61; Civ. 70v.; Chin.16; Bb.379, 1231, 1232; LN 55-26, effective as of 13-5-55, charges for each deed of acknowledgment of birth/death, ex Bw.72, 73; Rp.7,50) Article 73. In the event that the parties are unable to submit the death certificate referred to in article 71 number 5, this shall be remedied in the same manner as set out in the previous article. (Bw. 13, 82; BS.27) Article 74. If the official of the civil registry refuses to execute a marriage, on grounds of insufficiency of the documents and statements required in accordance with the provisions of the previous articles, then the parties shall be entitled to appeal to the court of justice by submitting a letter of request; the court shall hear the opinion of the prosecution counsel and the official of the civil registry and provided that there are grounds therefor, shall summarily make a decision on whether or not the documents submitted are sufficient and no further appeal shall be permitted. Article 75. (Amended by S.16-338 see also 17-18) The marriage shall not take place prior to the tenth day following the announcement, not including the date of the announcement. (Bw.52, 57, 71-6, 99; Civ.64) The Head of the Local Government within whose jurisdiction the marriage notification is placed may for significant reasons dispense with the requirements relating to the announcement and prescribed time period. The dispensation granted shall immediately be affixed on the main entrance of the building, in the manner set out in the first paragraph of article 52. The dispensation shall stipulate the date on which the marriage shall take place or has already taken place. Article 76. (Amended by S.01-353 see also 05-552; 32-42) The marriage shall take place in public, in the building where the certificates of the civil registry are produced and before the official of the civil registry in the place of domicile of one or both parties, and in the presence of two witnesses, either relatives or strangers, above the age of twenty one years, and domiciled in Indonesia. (Bw.17v., 53, 83, 92v.,99; BS.13,61v.; Civ.74v.,165) Article 77. If one of the parties is prevented from attending the marriage in the aforementioned building and can demonstrate a legitimate reason for same, the marriage may take place in a special house within the jurisdiction of the official of the civil registry. In such circumstances, the marriage certificate shall stipulate the reason for the relocation of the venue. *27 The decision as to whether or not the reason is acceptable shall be at the discretion of the official of the Civil Registry. (Bw.99; BS.62) Article 78. The prospective spouses shall appear in person before the official of the civil registry at the execution of the marriage. (S.47-137 art.2*) Article 79. The Governor General may for substantial reasons, allow the parties to execute the marriage by proxy pursuant to a specific authentic power of attorney. If the authorizer has legally entered into matrimony with another individual prior to the execution of the marriage, then the marriage, executed by proxy, shall be regarded as not having taken place. (Bw.27,29,31,48,54,58,1792v.,1815,1818;BS.12,62;Bb.13416, 13603) Article 80. The prospective spouses, shall, before the official of the civil registry and in the presence of witnesses, declare, that they accept each other as spouses, and shall faithfully fulfill all legal obligations applicable to married status. (BS.13, 60v.; Civ.75) Article 81. The parties must provide evidence to their religious officials, of the execution of their marriage before the official of the Civil Registry, prior to any religious ceremony taking place (Bw.26; Sw.530) Article 82. In the event of violation of the provisions of this title by the officials of the Civil Registry, a monetary fine not exceeding one hundred guilders, may, to the extent that this is not contained in the Page 10 Indonesian Civil Code regulations of the Penal Code, be imposed on the officials by the court of justice, without prejudice to the rights of redress of the relevant parties, provided that there are grounds therefor. (Bw.99;BS.28; Civ.156, 192v.; Sw.530; the penal provisions in Bw.82 are revoked by Inv. Sw.3) Section 5 Concerning marriages executed abroad Article 83. (Amended by S.15-299 see also 642) Marriages executed abroad between either Dutch citizens, or Dutch citizens and foreigners, shall be valid, if they are executed in the format customary in the country where the marriage took place, and the spouses, who are Dutch citizens, have not acted in contravention of the provisions of the first section of this title. (AB.3, 16,18; Bw.27v.,52v.; BS.63;Civ.170) Article 84. Within one year after the return of the spouses to Indonesia, the marriage certificate, executed abroad, shall be copied in the public marriage register of their place of domicile. (Bw.4v., 91, 152; BS.1v., 63; Civ.171) Section 6 Concerning the annulment of the marriage Article 85. A marriage can only be annulled by a judge. (Bw.70) Article 86. The annulment of a marriage which breaches article 27, may be sought by an individual who has been bound in matrimony to one of the spouses, by the spouses themselves, by the blood relatives who are in the ascending line, by those who will benefit from the annulment declaration, and by the prosecution counsel. The validity of a marriage shall be established prior to its annulment taking place (Bw.60-65, 83, 93v., 493v.; Civ.184, 188v., 190) Article 87. The validity of a marriage to which one or both spouses have not willingly consented may only be disputed by the spouse/spouses who have not willingly consented In the event that an individual, to whom one is married , has erred, then the validity of the marriage may only be disputed by the spouse, who has been misled by such error. In all cases indicated in this article, an individual shall not be permitted to file for annulment, if the spouses have been living together for a continuous period of three months, effective from the time the spouse obtains his or her freedom, or the error is discovered. (Bw.28, 58,61-3 and 4, 62,63-2,65,83,901;Civ.180v.) Article 88. If a marriage is entered into by an individual who has been placed under guardianship due to mental incapacity, then the validity of the marriage may be disputed by his or her father, mother and other blood relatives who are in the ascending line, brothers, sisters, uncles and aunts, the guardian, and finally by the prosecution counsel. Following termination of the guardianship, annulment may be sought only by that spouse placed under guardianship, provided always, that he or she may not do so if both spouses have been living together for a period of six months following date of termination of guardianship. (Bw. 28, 61-3, 62, 63-2, 65,83,433v., 447,460; Civ.180) Article 89. If a marriage has been entered into by an individual, who has not reached the required age as stipulated in article 29, then the annulment may be *30 requested, either by the spouse who has not reached the required age, or by the prosecution counsel. The validity of the marriage, however, cannot be disputed for the following reasons: 1. if, on the date the annulment is filed for, the spouse or spouses have reached the required age; 2. if the wife, even though she has not reached the required age, becomes pregnant prior to the date of filing for annulment. (Bw.61-4, 62, 63-2, 65, 83; Civ.184v.,190) Article 90. The annulment of all marriages, entered into in violation of the provisions of articles 30, 31, 32 and 33, may be sought, either by the spouses themselves, or by their parents or blood relatives in the ascending line, or by anyone who has a beneficial interest in such annulment, or by the prosecution counsel. (Bw.61-4, 62, 63-2,65,83,93; Civ.184) Page 11 Indonesian Civil Code Article 91. (Amended by S.27-31 see also 390, 421, 456) If a marriage is concluded without the consent of the father, mother, grandparents, guardian or supervisory guardian, or without the consent or hearing of the guardian as required under articles 35, 36, 37, 38, 39 and 40, an annulment may only be sought by those whose consent or hearing is necessary in accordance with the law. The application for annulment shall not be filed by blood relatives, whose consent is required, if the marriage has been expressly or impliedly approved by them, or if six months has passed without any opposition by them, from the time that they have become aware of the marriage. With respect to a marriage concluded outside Indonesia, it shall not be assumed that the blood relatives are aware of the marriage in circumstances where the spouses have failed to have the marriage certificate copied in the public registers, in accordance with the provisions of article 84. (Bw,35v., 61-1, 62, 63-1, 83v., 95v., 901; S.27-31 transitory provisions 1*; Civ.182v.) Article 92. (Amended by S.27-31 see also 390, 421) The annulment of a marriage, which has not taken place before the authorized official of the civil registry and in the presence of the required number of witnesses, may be sought by the spouses, by the father, mother and other blood relatives in the upwards line including the guardian, the supervising guardian and by those who have an interest therein, and finally by the prosecution counsel. In the event of breach of the provisions of article 76 regarding the competency of the witnesses, annulment shall not be obligatory, but the decision as to whether or not annulment shall take place shall be made by the judge taking the circumstances into account. In the event that there is physical evidence of a married status, and a certificate of marriage instituted before an official of the civil registry, is presented, then the spouses shall not be permitted, in accordance with this article, to seek annulment of this marriage. (Bw.76v., 83, 99v.; BS.13;S.27-31 transitory provisions 1*; Civ.191, 196) Article 93. In any of the circumstances, in which, *31 according to articles 86, 90 and 92, an application for annulment may be filed by the interested parties, such application may be filed during the lifetime of both spouses, by those persons who have or who shall immediately benefit from it. For the purposes of this article, interested parties shall exclude blood relatives in the collateral line, children born of a previous marriage, or strangers.(Civ.187) Article 94. Following the dissolution of the marriage, the prosecution counsel shall not be permitted to seek annulment thereof. (Civ.190) Article 95. A marriage, which has been annulled, shall have the same civil consequences, for the spouses as well as the children as if the marriage was entered into in good faith by both spouses (Bw.27v. 86v.97v; Civ.201) Article 96. If good faith only exists on the part of one of the spouses, then the marriage shall have no civil consequences with the exception of those that benefit that spouse and the children resulting out of the marriage. The spouse who has acted in bad faith, may be found liable for costs, damages and interest with respect to the other party. (Bw. 97; Civ.202) Article 97. In the events described in the two previous articles, the marriage shall cease to have civil consequences, from the date on which the marriage is annulled. Article 98. The annulment of a marriage shall not prejudice the rights of third parties who have acted in good faith towards the spouses. Article 99. A marriage shall not be annulled in the event of breach of the provisions of articles 34, 42, 46, 52 and 75, or, with the exception of the provisions of article 77, in the event that the marriage does not take place in the building in which the civil registry deeds are prepared. In these events the provisions of article 82 shall apply to the officials of the civil registry. (Civ.192) Article 99a.(Amended by S.37-595, effective as January 1, 1939) Upon request by the prosecution counsel at the legal board which has granted the annulment, the annulment shall be recorded in the Page 12 Indonesian Civil Code current marriage register at the location of the execution of the marriage, in accordance with the provisions of the first paragraph of article 64 of the Regulation regarding the keeping of registers of the Civil Registry for Europeans as well as the first paragraph of article 72 of the corresponding Regulation for Chinese. The record shall be noted in the margin of the marriage certificate. In the event that the marriage is executed outside Indonesia, the recording shall take place in Jakarta. Section 7 Concerning evidence of the existence of a marriage Article 100. The existence of a marriage can only be proven by the deed of its execution, recorded in the registers of the Civil Registry, with the exception of those circumstances described in the following articles. (Bw.4,92;BS.1,7,61;Civ.194;S.47-64 article 5) Article 101. If it appears that there have never been any registers, or that these were lost, or that the marriage certificate is missing from the register, then the sufficiency of the evidence regarding the existence of the marriage shall be decided upon by the judge, provided there is physical evidence of the marriage. (Bw.13; BS.27;S.47-64 art.5*) Article 102. Failure to present the marriage certificate of the deceased parents shall not be grounds for disputing the legitimacy of a child if such child demonstrates his knowledge of his status and if the parents have lived together openly as man and wife. (Bw.250, 261v.; Civ.197) Chapter V Concerning the rights and obligation of the spouses Article 103. The spouses owe a duty to one another to assist and support, and to be faithful to each other. (Bw.140, 145v., 193, 225, 227, 237;Sw.304; Civ.212) Article 104. The spouses commit themselves , by the single act of marriage, to support and raise their children. (Bw.109, 145v., 193,214,230,293,318,320v., 1097, 1601i; Sw.304; Civ.213) Article 105. A husband is the head of the matrimonial union. (Bw.124, 140) In this capacity he shall lend his assistance to his wife in court, or shall appear there on her behalf, subject to the exceptions described herein. (Bw.110v.; Civ.213) He shall manage his wife’s personal assets, unless otherwise stipulated. (Bw.140,194,215,244; Aut.3;LN.53-86 art.6) He shall manage the assets as a proper head of the household, and shall be responsible for any failure to do so. (Bw.195) He shall not dispose of or encumber the immovable assets, without the cooperation of his wife. (Civ.1428) Article 106. A wife shall obey her husband. (Bw.140; Civ.213) She is obligated to live with her husband, and shall follow him, wherever he deems fit to reside. (Bw.21,140,211v.,242; Civ.214) Article 107. The husband is obligated to accommodate his wife in the house that he occupies. (Bw.21) He is obligated to protect her, and to provide her with necessities, in accordance with his position and capacity. (Bw.193,213,225v.,237; Civ.214) Article 108. A wife, notwithstanding that she has been married on the basis that her property shall not be held in common with that of her husband or that she has been married pursuant to a prenuptial agreement, shall not, without the assistance of her husband set out in the deed, or without his written consent, give away, dispose of, encumber, acquire, whether for free or pursuant to an encumbrance. Notwithstanding that the husband has authorized his wife to execute a specific deed or agreement, the wife shall not be entitled , to receive any payment or provide any discharge thereof pursuant to such deed or agreement, without the express consent of the husband. *35 (Bw.109, 112v.,115v.,118,125,194,896,1006,1046,1171,1330v.,1446,1454,1601f,1676,1678,1684 ,1702,1722,1798;Civ.217) Page 13 Indonesian Civil Code Article 109. (Amended S.26-335 see also 458,565,27-108) With respect to acts carried out, or agreements executed by the wife, in connection with the regular and daily household expenditures including any domestic arrangements concluded by her as an employer for the benefit of the household, the law shall presume that she has obtained her husband’s approval. (Bw.1601v. old, 1601a, 1601e, 1601f, 1916; Coop.10) Article 110. (Amended by S.38-276) A wife may not appear in court without the assistance of her husband, notwithstanding that she has been married on the basis that her property shall not be held in common with that of her husband or that she has been married pursuant to a pre-nuptial agreement, or that she has a profession which is independent of her husband. (Bw.105, 113v., 139, 194, 1171; Rv.815; Civ.215) Article 111. The assistance of a husband shall not be required in the following circumstances: (State Gazette 53-86 art.6; Bw.1601f) 1. if his wife is being prosecuted in a criminal case; 2. in a legal application for divorce, legal separation, or separation of assets. (Rv. 819v., 831v.,841; Civ.216) Article 112. If a husband refuses to authorize his wife to execute a deed, or to appear in court, she may petition the court of justice at their mutual domicile for authorization to do so. (Bw.114; Rv.813v.; Civ.218). Article 113. (Amended by S.38-276) A wife, who, with the express or implied consent of her husband, has a profession which is independent of her husband, may make any kind of commitment in connection with such, without her husband’s assistance. In the event that she is married on the basis that her property will be held in common with that of her husband, then the husband shall also be bound by any commitments made by her If the husband withdraws his consent, he is required to announce such withdrawal publicly. (Bw. 108, 110, 121, 130, 132, 1330v., 1916; Rv.581; Civ. 220) Article 114. If the husband, due to absence or other reasons, is prevented from assisting his wife or providing her with authorization, or if he has conflicting interests, the court of justice at the domicile of the spouses may grant her the authority to appear in courts, enter into agreements, manage, and to commit all other acts. (Bw.112, 125, 496; Rv.813v.; Civ.221v.) Article 115. A general authorization, stipulated by prenuptial agreement, shall only apply to the management of a wife’s assets. (Bw. 108, 125,140, 194, 1387,1798; Civ.223) *36 Article 116. The invalidity of the act, based upon the absence of the authorization, may only be sought by the wife, the husband, or their heirs. (Bw. 108, 1046, 1331, 1387, 1446, 1451, 1454, 1821; Civ.225) Article 117. If, following the dissolution of a marriage, the wife executes an agreement or a deed, partially or in full, without the necessary authorization, she shall not be entitled to request the cancellation of the agreement or deed. (Bw. 1456) Article 118. The wife, may without her husband’s consent, execute wills. (Bw. 895v.; Civ.226, 905) Chapter VI Concerning legal community property and management Section 1 Concerning legal community property Article 119. From the moment of execution of the marriage, there shall exist by law community of property between the spouses to the extent that no other stipulations have been made in the prenuptial agreement. Rules regarding community property cannot be revoked or amended by mutual Page 14 Indonesian Civil Code agreement between the spouses for the duration of the marriage. (Bw.126, 139, 149, 153, 180, 186; F.60, 62; Civ.1393, 1395, 1399) Article 120.Wregard to assets, the community property shall include all current or future movable and immovable property of the spouses, and property obtained free of charge, unless the testator or the donor has specified otherwise. (Bw.158; Civ.1401-1408) Article 121. With regard to liabilities, the community property shall include all debts incurred by the respective spouse either prior to or during the marriage. (Bw.130v., 163, F.62; Civ.1409) Article 122. All gains and income, including profit and loss, during the marriage, shall also be included in the gains and losses of the community property. (Bw.155; Rv.823j) Article 123. All debts disclosed after a person’s death shall be assumed only by the deceased’s heir(s). (Bw.126-1, 128) Section 2 Concerning the management of the community property Article 124. A husband only shall manage the community property. He may dispose of, sell and encumber it without any intervention by the wife, except in the event stipulated in the third paragraph of article 140. A husband may not grant the property to individuals who are living unless he does so in order to afford status to his children of the marriage in the event of their marriage. He cannot grant a specific movable asset, if he intends to continue to use it. (Bw.105, 119, 186, 320, 434, 903; Aut.3; Civ.1421v.; State Gazette 53-86, art.6, cf. note Bw. 105) Article 125. In the event of an emergency, if a husband is absent or is incapable of expressing his wishes, a wife may bind or dispose of the community property upon authorization by the court of justice. (Bw. 108, 112,114v.,496; Rv.813v.; Civ.1427) Section 3 Concerning the dissolution of the community property, and the right to dispose thereof Article 126. The community property shall be legally dissolved due to the following: 1. death; 2. the concluding of a new marriage, with the consent of a judge, following the absence of the spouse; (Bw.493v.) 3. divorce; (Bw. 207v.) 4. legal separation; (Bw.233v.) 5. separation of assets (Bw.186v.) The special consequences of the dissolution, in the events set out in numbers 2,3,4 and 5 of this article, are regulated in the titles relating to these subjects. (Bw.119, 222v.; Civ.1141) Article 127. (Amended by S.27-31 see also 390, 421) Following the death of one of the spouses, the surviving spouse is obligated, in the event that there are minor children, to draft a description of the assets which the community property comprises, within a period of three months. The description of assets may be done by private deed, but must be completed in the presence of the supervisory guardian. In the absence of such description, the community property shall continue to exist for the benefit of the minor children and shall under no circumstances jeopardize them. (Bw.311, 315, 370, 408, 417; Civ.1442; Wsk.48) Article 128. Following dissolution of the community property, the total number of assets shall be divided into equal parts between the husband and wife, or their heirs, without taking into consideration which party the goods originated from. The rules stipulated in the seventeenth Chapter of the second book concerning separation of assets shall be applicable to the distribution of the assets which the legal community property comprises. (Bw.123, 156, 243, 408, 903, 1066v., 1071v.; Rv.689v.; Civ.1467, 1474, 1476, 1482) Page 15 Indonesian Civil Code Article 129. Clothing, trinkets and tools, belonging to the profession of one of the spouses, including the books and collection of art and scientific objects, and lastly the documents or memorabilia, associated with the gender of the respective spouse, may be claimed by the party from where they originated, at a price to be decided amicably between the parties or to be appraised by experts. *41 (Bw.132) Article 130. The husband, may, following the dissolution of the community property, be liable for the total debts of the community property, without prejudice to his claim for compensation from his wife or her heirs for half the amount. (Bw.121,124,128; Civ.1484) Article 131. Following the divorce and the distribution of the entire community property, a spouse cannot be prosecuted by creditors for the debts incurred by the other spouse prior to their marriage. Those debts shall be the liability of the spouse who has incurred those debts or his or her heir(s); without prejudice to the claim for redress filed by one spouse against the other or his or her heir(s). (Bw.121, 128, 132) Article 132. A wife shall be entitled to renounce her rights to the community property and any agreement to the contrary shall be deemed void. In the event that she renounces such rights to the community property, she shall be entitled to claim only her personal linen and clothing from the community property. (Amended by S.38-276) This renunciation shall release her from the obligation to contribute to the debts of the community property. (Amended by S.38-276) Notwithstanding the right of the creditors to the community property, the wife shall still be required to settle those debts incurred by her in the community property; without prejudice to her claim for compensation for the entire amount filed against her husband or his heir. (AB.23; Bw.113, 121, 129,131,136,138,153,483,1023,1045; Civ.1453,1492-1495) Article 133. A wife, who intends to exercise her right of renunciation, described in the previous article, shall be required, within a period of one month following the dissolution of the community property, to submit a deed of renunciation, to the court clerk at the court of justice at the place of the last communal domicile, and failure to do so shall result in loss of the right to renounce. If the community property is dissolved due to the death of the husband, then the one month time period shall commence as of the date that the wife becomes aware of the husband’s death. (Ov.14; Bw.134, 138,1023v., 1989; Rv.135, 829; Civ.1457; Bb.379) Article 134. If the wife dies within the stipulated time period without having submitted a deed of renunciation, her heirs shall be authorized, within a period of one month after her death or after they become aware of her death, to renounce the community property in the manner set out in the previous article. The heirs of the wife may not however, submit the claim for her linen and clothing from the community property. (Ov. 14; Bw. 132, 138, 903, 1023v.; Civ.1461, 1495; Bb.379) Article 135. If the decision by the heirs is not unanimous, with the result that one party renounces and one *42 party accepts the community property, the person who accepts it shall only enjoy that portion of the property to which he is entitled by inheritance, and to which the wife would have been entitled upon division of the property in the event of divorce The remainder shall be left with the husband, or his heirs, who are, with respect to the heir who has renounced, responsible for the settlement of all that the wife in the event of renunciation could have claimed, but only to the extent of the inheritance share, to which the individual, who has renounced it, is entitled.(Bw.132, 134,138,903,1048,1051,1061; Civ.1475) Article 136. The wife who has agreed to community of property, cannot release herself from such. Acts of simple management, or concerning the maintenance of the assets, shall not result in a release. (Bw. 137, 483, 1048v.; Civ.1454) Article 137. The wife, who has lost or embezzled assets from the community property, shall retain the community property, notwithstanding her renunciation; the same shall apply with respect to her heirs. (Bw.136, 1031, 1064; Civ.1460) Page 16 Indonesian Civil Code Article 138. In the event that the community property is dissolved due to the death of a wife, her heirs may renounce the community property, within the same period and in the same manner as stipulated in respect of the wife. (Ov.14; Bw.132v., 135,242v., 1023; Civ.1466; Bb.379) Chapter VII Concerning prenuptial agreements Section 1 Concerning prenuptial agreements in general Article 139. The prospective spouses, may, pursuant to a prenuptial agreement deviate from the rules stipulated in relation to legal community property, provided that they do not contravene proper morals or public order and that they comply with the following provisions. (AB.23;Bw.119,132,153,180,888,1254,1337; Aut.3;Civ.1387,1497,1527) Article 140. The agreement shall not interfere with the rights, which originate from the man, in such capacity, and with the paternal rights, neither shall it interfere with the rights which the law has granted to the longest living spouse. (Bw.105v., 110, 298v., 300, 307v.,311,345v.,355) The agreement shall also not interfere with the rights afforded to the man, as head of the legal union; without prejudice to the rights of the wife to control the management of her movable and immovable assets, and to enjoy her personal income freely. (Bw.105,115) They shall also be entitled to stipulate, that, notwithstanding the legal community property, the immovable assets, the recordings of State debts, other negotiable instruments and indebtedness, a

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